The effect of subsistence farming on household income in Ohafia Local Government Area, Abia State.
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Background of the study:
Subsistence farming remains a primary livelihood for many households in Ohafia, forming the backbone of rural economies in Abia State. This agricultural practice, characterized by small-scale, family-based farming, provides both food security and supplementary income (Nwosu, 2023; Okoroafor, 2024). While subsistence farming primarily focuses on meeting household food needs, any surplus is often sold in local markets, contributing to household income and local trade. Recent research indicates that even marginal gains from subsistence agriculture can substantially improve living standards and reduce poverty in rural areas (Eze, 2024). However, factors such as limited access to modern farming techniques, unpredictable weather patterns, and inadequate financial support hinder productivity. This study explores the role of subsistence farming in shaping household income in Ohafia, examining how these traditional practices interact with market dynamics and socio-economic factors. It also assesses the potential of subsistence agriculture as a driver of rural development and resilience, providing insights into strategies that can boost productivity and income generation among rural households.
Statement of the problem:
Households engaged in subsistence farming in Ohafia face significant challenges that limit their income potential. Inadequate access to improved farming methods, vulnerability to climatic variations, and poor market integration restrict the ability of subsistence farmers to generate surplus income. This situation results in persistent poverty and economic instability among rural households, warranting a comprehensive investigation into the factors that constrain income generation through subsistence agriculture.
Objectives of the study:
1. To assess the contribution of subsistence farming to household income.
2. To identify the challenges limiting productivity in subsistence farming.
3. To recommend strategies to enhance income generation from subsistence agriculture.
Research questions:
1. How does subsistence farming contribute to the household income of rural families in Ohafia?
2. What challenges affect the productivity of subsistence farming?
3. What interventions can improve the economic returns of subsistence agriculture?
Research Hypotheses:
1. Subsistence farming significantly contributes to the household income of rural families.
2. Inadequate access to modern farming techniques negatively impacts productivity.
3. Improved agricultural support services will enhance income generation from subsistence farming.
Significance of the study:
This study is significant as it highlights the economic role of subsistence farming in rural livelihoods. The insights provided will inform policymakers and development agencies on how to support subsistence farmers and improve household income levels in rural areas.
Scope and limitations of the study:
The study is limited to examining the effect of subsistence farming on household income in Ohafia Local Government Area, Abia State and does not include commercial farming practices or other regions.
Definitions of terms:
• Subsistence farming: Small-scale agriculture primarily aimed at self-sufficiency rather than commercial profit.
• Household income: The total income earned by all members of a household.
• Productivity: The efficiency with which farming inputs are converted into outputs.
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